Age-Related Macular
Degeneration

Dry AMD is the most common form, accounting for approximately 90% of cases. It involves gradual thinning and breakdown of macular tissue. Progression is typically slow over years. There is no cure, but the AREDS2 vitamin formula has been shown in clinical trials to slow progression in patients with intermediate-to-advanced dry AMD.

Wet AMD is less common but more aggressive. Abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and can leak fluid rapidly, causing swift central vision loss. Wet AMD is treated with anti-VEGF injections administered by a retinal specialist — early intervention significantly improves outcomes.

Age: Risk increases significantly after 50, with most diagnoses after 65. Genetics: A first-degree family history of AMD substantially raises your risk. Smoking: The most modifiable risk factor — smokers have up to 4× higher risk. Cumulative UV exposure: Decades of unprotected sun exposure damages retinal tissue. Diet and obesity: Low intake of leafy greens combined with obesity increases risk.

Several evidence-based steps reduce risk substantially: stop smoking, wear UV400 sunglasses every day outdoors (especially critical in Scottsdale), eat dark leafy greens and omega-3 rich fish, and — most importantly — maintain annual dilated eye exams. Early AMD detected on retinal imaging can be monitored closely and treated before significant vision loss occurs. Waiting until you notice a change in your vision means waiting too long.